How do sterile males control insect populations?

The control of insect populations through sterile males is a well-established method known as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). This approach hinges on the concept that when sterile males are released into the environment, they compete with wild males for mates.

When sterile males successfully mate with native females, the eggs they produce will not be viable because the males are infertile. This leads to a gradual decline in the target insect population over time, as fewer offspring are produced. Therefore, mating with native females is the fundamental mechanism through which sterile males exert their control over insect populations.

This technique is particularly effective for controlling pests that have high reproductive rates, as it can significantly disrupt their breeding cycles and ultimately reduce their numbers in the wild. This natural and environmentally friendly method is preferred in many pest management strategies, especially where chemical pesticides may pose risks to non-target species or the environment.